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In a saucepan on medium heat, add the butter.
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Once the butter has melted, add the flour and whisk until it is smooth, in a paste-like consistency. If there are any lumps, it will give your cheese sauce a grainy texture.
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Add the black pepper and Dijon mustard. Mix well.
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Add the milk and stir. Then slowly add the cheese.
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Stir frequently, helping the cheese to melt and incorporate into the milk.
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Once the cheese is melted, the sauce should be smooth. Set aside.
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Cook the penne, but stop cooking and drain two minutes shy of al dente package directions.
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While the pasta is cooking, heat a large skillet, adding olive oil if needed and quickly sear off the cubed chicken.
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It does not need to be cooked through, but it does needs to be seared on all sides. This will take no more than 3 minutes.
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Add the panko (or breadcrumbs), salt, pepper, garlic, and sage to a small bowl and blend them together, making sure the seasonings are evenly distributed.
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In a large bowl mix the penne, chicken, diced ham, and sliced asparagus.
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Add black pepper to taste and any salt, if desired.
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Pour about half of the Swiss cheese sauce into the bowl with the pasta and chicken. Stir it well making sure all the ingredients are coated in the sauce.
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Transfer to a 9x13 or similar baking dish.
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Pour the remaining sauce over the entire dish.
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Sprinkle the seasoned panko over the top of the dish.
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Cover with foil and bake in a pre-heated 350° degree oven for 20 minutes.
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After the 20 minutes, remove the foil and cook uncovered for 5 more minutes or until the topping has browned.
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Allow to sit for a few minutes once it is removed from the oven, and then serve as desired.